Pre trained multi task generative AI has the ability to learn multiple tasks simultaneously, improving efficiency and reducing the need for extensive training data.
This approach can be particularly effective for tasks that share similar underlying structures, such as language translation and text summarization.
One notable benefit of pre trained multi task generative AI is its ability to adapt to new tasks with minimal additional training.
By leveraging pre trained models, developers can save time and resources, and focus on fine-tuning the model for specific applications.
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What is Pre-Trained Multi-Task Generative AI?
Pre-trained multi-task generative AI models are trained on vast datasets, allowing them to understand and generate human-like text, recognize images, and even predict outcomes. This is the backbone of modern AI.
These models undergo extensive training on large datasets prior to being utilized for specific tasks, acquiring knowledge of patterns, structures, and characteristics present in the data. This fundamental knowledge enables the model to excel in various tasks without requiring complete retraining for each new task.
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Pre-trained models are highly efficient and versatile, allowing developers and researchers to use them without having to train their own models from scratch. They have already learned features and patterns from the data.
The fine-tuning technique is used to optimize a model's performance on a new or different task, tailoring a model to meet a specific need or domain. This is commonly used in transfer learning, where a pre-trained model is used as a starting point to train a new model for a contrasting but related task.
By utilizing the knowledge gained in the pre-training phase, pre-trained models can be optimized with relatively small, task-specific datasets, resulting in a substantial reduction in the computational resources and time needed for training. This makes them an effective tool for tasks where labeled data is scarce or expensive.
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History and Evolution
The concept of pre-trained multi-task generative AI has been around for over a decade, with the first notable advancements in 2017. That's the year when researchers started exploring the idea of training a single model on multiple tasks simultaneously.
One of the key milestones in 2017 was the introduction of residual adapters, which allowed for learning multiple visual domains with improved efficiency. This breakthrough paved the way for more complex multi-task learning architectures.
In contrast to the early days of multi-task learning, which focused on visual tasks, recent advancements have expanded to include text classification, reinforcement learning, and even multimodal tasks. A notable example is the 2022 paper "MViT: Mixture-of-Experts Vision Transformer for Efficient Multi-task Learning with Model-Accelerator Co-design", which demonstrated the potential of transformer-based models for efficient multi-task learning.
Here's a brief timeline of some notable multi-task learning milestones:
These advancements have laid the groundwork for the development of pre-trained multi-task generative AI models that can learn from diverse datasets and adapt to new tasks with ease.
2017
In 2017, researchers made significant strides in multi-task learning, a technique that allows neural networks to learn from multiple tasks simultaneously. This approach can improve the efficiency and effectiveness of neural networks.
One notable achievement was the development of residual adapters, which enabled learning multiple visual domains. This breakthrough was presented at the NeurIPS conference in 2017.
The same year, researchers also explored the use of multilinear relationship networks to learn multiple tasks. This approach was also presented at NeurIPS in 2017.
Federated multi-task learning was another area of focus in 2017, with researchers presenting a paper on the topic at NeurIPS. This approach allows for decentralized learning across multiple devices.
Here are some notable papers from 2017 that demonstrate the advancements in multi-task learning:
- Learning multiple visual domains with residual adapters (NeurIPS, 2017)
- Learning Multiple Tasks with Multilinear Relationship Networks (NeurIPS, 2017)
- Federated Multi-Task Learning (NeurIPS, 2017)
- Multi-task Self-Supervised Visual Learning (ICCV, 2017)
- Adversarial Multi-task Learning for Text Classification (ACL, 2017)
- UberNet: Training a Universal Convolutional Neural Network for Low-, Mid-, and High-Level Vision Using Diverse Datasets and Limited Memory (CVPR, 2017)
- Fully-adaptive Feature Sharing in Multi-Task Networks with Applications in Person Attribute Classification (CVPR, 2017)
- Modular Multitask Reinforcement Learning with Policy Sketches (ICML, 2017)
- SplitNet: Learning to Semantically Split Deep Networks for Parameter Reduction and Model Parallelization (ICML, 2017)
- One Model To Learn Them All (arXiv, 2017)
- AdaLoss: Learning Anytime Predictions in Neural Networks via Adaptive Loss Balancing (arXiv, 2017)
- Deep Multi-task Representation Learning: A Tensor Factorisation Approach (ICLR, 2017)
- Trace Norm Regularised Deep Multi-Task Learning (ICLR Workshop, 2017)
- When is multitask learning effective? Semantic sequence prediction under varying data conditions (EACL, 2017)
- Identifying beneficial task relations for multi-task learning in deep neural networks (EACL, 2017)
- PathNet: Evolution Channels Gradient Descent in Super Neural Networks (arXiv, 2017)
- Attributes for Improved Attributes: A Multi-Task Network Utilizing Implicit and Explicit Relationships for Facial Attribute Classification (AAAI, 2017)
2018
In 2018, researchers made significant strides in multitask learning, a technique that enables neural networks to perform multiple tasks simultaneously. This year saw the publication of several papers that explored various approaches to multitask learning.
One notable paper published in NeurIPS 2018 proposed a method for learning to multitask, which involved training a single neural network to perform multiple tasks. Another paper from the same conference introduced a multi-task learning framework as a multi-objective optimization problem.
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Researchers also explored the use of auxiliary losses in multitask learning, with a paper from arXiv 2018 proposing a method for adapting auxiliary losses using gradient similarity. This approach aimed to improve the performance of multitask learning by adjusting the weights of auxiliary losses based on their similarity to the primary loss.
A paper from ECCV 2018 introduced a method called Piggyback, which adapted a single network to multiple tasks by learning to mask weights. This approach allowed the network to learn multiple tasks without requiring significant modifications to the architecture.
Other notable papers from 2018 included:
- Dynamic Task Prioritization for Multitask Learning (ECCV, 2018)
- A Modulation Module for Multi-task Learning with Applications in Image Retrieval (ECCV, 2018)
- Modeling Task Relationships in Multi-task Learning with Multi-gate Mixture-of-Experts (KDD, 2018)
- Unifying and Merging Well-trained Deep Neural Networks for Inference Stage (IJCAI, 2018)
- Efficient Parametrization of Multi-domain Deep Neural Networks (CVPR, 2018)
- PAD-Net: Multi-tasks Guided Prediction-and-Distillation Network for Simultaneous Depth Estimation and Scene Parsing (CVPR, 2018)
- NestedNet: Learning Nested Sparse Structures in Deep Neural Networks (CVPR, 2018)
- PackNet: Adding Multiple Tasks to a Single Network by Iterative Pruning (CVPR, 2018)
- Multi-task Learning Using Uncertainty to Weigh Losses for Scene Geometry and Semantics (CVPR, 2018)
- Deep Asymmetric Multi-task Feature Learning (ICML, 2018)
- GradNorm: Gradient Normalization for Adaptive Loss Balancing in Deep Multitask Networks (ICML, 2018)
- Pseudo-task Augmentation: From Deep Multitask Learning to Intratask Sharing---and Back (ICML, 2018)
- Gradient Adversarial Training of Neural Networks (arXiv, 2018)
- Auxiliary Tasks in Multi-task Learning (arXiv, 2018)
- Routing Networks: Adaptive Selection of Non-linear Functions for Multi-Task Learning (ICLR, 2018)
- Beyond Shared Hierarchies: Deep Multitask Learning through Soft Layer Ordering (ICLR, 2018)
2020
In 2020, researchers made significant strides in multi-task learning, a technique that enables neural networks to perform multiple tasks simultaneously.
Multi-task reinforcement learning was explored in papers like "Multi-Task Reinforcement Learning with Soft Modularization" and "GradDrop: Just Pick a Sign: Optimizing Deep Multitask Models with Gradient Sign Dropout". These papers proposed new methods for training neural networks to perform multiple tasks at once.
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Researchers also developed new techniques for sharing knowledge between tasks, such as "AdaShare: Learning What To Share For Efficient Deep Multi-Task Learning" and "PCGrad: Gradient Surgery for Multi-Task Learning". These methods improved the efficiency and effectiveness of multi-task learning.
Some notable papers from 2020 include "On the Theory of Transfer Learning: The Importance of Task Diversity" and "A Study of Residual Adapters for Multi-Domain Neural Machine Translation". These papers provided a deeper understanding of the underlying principles of multi-task learning.
Here are some of the notable papers from 2020 that explored multi-task learning:
- Multi-Task Reinforcement Learning with Soft Modularization
- AdaShare: Learning What To Share For Efficient Deep Multi-Task Learning
- GradDrop: Just Pick a Sign: Optimizing Deep Multitask Models with Gradient Sign Dropout
- PCGrad: Gradient Surgery for Multi-Task Learning
- On the Theory of Transfer Learning: The Importance of Task Diversity
- A Study of Residual Adapters for Multi-Domain Neural Machine Translation
- Multi-Task Adversarial Attack
- Automated Search for Resource-Efficient Branched Multi-Task Networks
- Branched Multi-Task Networks: Deciding What Layers To Share
These papers demonstrate the growing interest in multi-task learning and the development of new techniques for improving its efficiency and effectiveness.
2021
In 2021, researchers made significant strides in multi-task learning, a technique that allows machines to learn multiple tasks simultaneously.
Variational Multi-Task Learning with Gumbel-Softmax Priors was one notable development, presented at the NeurIPS conference in 2021.
Efficiently Identifying Task Groupings for Multi-Task Learning was another important contribution, also presented at NeurIPS in 2021.
This year saw the introduction of Conflict-Averse Gradient Descent for Multi-task Learning, a novel approach that aims to reduce conflicts between tasks.
A Closer Look at Loss Weighting in Multi-Task Learning was another paper presented at arXiv in 2021, highlighting the importance of loss weighting in multi-task learning.
Researchers also explored Relational Context for Multi-Task Dense Prediction, presenting their work at ICCV in 2021.
The following list highlights some of the notable papers and projects presented in 2021:
- Variational Multi-Task Learning with Gumbel-Softmax Priors (NeurIPS, 2021)
- Efficiently Identifying Task Groupings for Multi-Task Learning (NeurIPS, 2021)
- CAGrad: Conflict-Averse Gradient Descent for Multi-task Learning (NeurIPS, 2021)
- A Closer Look at Loss Weighting in Multi-Task Learning (arXiv, 2021)
- Exploring Relational Context for Multi-Task Dense Prediction (ICCV, 2021)
- Multi-Task Self-Training for Learning General Representations (ICCVW, 2021)
- Task Switching Network for Multi-task Learning (ICCV, 2021)
- Omnidata: A Scalable Pipeline for Making Multi-Task Mid-Level Vision Datasets from 3D Scans (ICCV, 2021)
- Robustness via Cross-Domain Ensembles (ICCV, 2021)
- Domain Adaptive Semantic Segmentation with Self-Supervised Depth Estimation (ICCV, 2021)
- Universal Representation Learning from Multiple Domains for Few-shot Classification (ICCV, 2021)
- A Multi-Mode Modulator for Multi-Domain Few-Shot Classification (ICCV, 2021)
- MultiTask-CenterNet (MCN): Efficient and Diverse Multitask Learning using an Anchor Free Approach (ICCV Workshop, 2021)
- See Yourself in Others: Attending Multiple Tasks for Own Failure Detection (arXiv, 2021)
- A Multi-Task Cross-Task Learning Architecture for Ad-hoc Uncertainty Estimation in 3D Cardiac MRI Image Segmentation (CinC, 2021)
- Multi-Task Reinforcement Learning with Context-based Representations (ICML, 2021)
- Learning a Universal Template for Few-shot Dataset Generalization (ICML, 2021)
- Towards a Unified View of Parameter-Efficient Transfer Learning (arXiv, 2021)
- UniT: Multimodal Multitask Learning with a Unified Transformer (arXiv, 2021)
- Learning to Relate Depth and Semantics for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation (CVPR, 2021)
- CompositeTasking: Understanding Images by Spatial Composition of Tasks (CVPR, 2021)
- Anomaly Detection in Video via Self-Supervised and Multi-Task Learning (CVPR, 2021)
- Taskology: Utilizing Task Relations at Scale (CVPR, 2021)
- Three Ways to Improve Semantic Segmentation with Self-Supervised Depth Estimation (CVPR, 2021)
- Improving Semi-Supervised and Domain-Adaptive Semantic Segmentation with Self-Supervised Depth Estimation (arXiv, 2021)
- Counter-Interference Adapter for Multilingual Machine Translation (Findings of EMNLP, 2021)
- Conditionally Adaptive Multi-Task Learning: Improving Transfer Learning in NLP Using Fewer Parameters & Less Data (ICLR)
- Gradient Vaccine: Investigating and Improving Multi-task Optimization in Massively Multilingual Models (ICLR, 2021)
- Towards Impartial Multi-task Learning (ICLR, 2021)
- Deciphering and Optimizing Multi
2022
2022 was a pivotal year for multi-task learning, with a flurry of innovative research papers and projects emerging in the field.
RepMode, a method for learning to re-parameterize diverse experts, was introduced in the paper "RepMode: Learning to Re-parameterize Diverse Experts for Subcellular Structure Prediction" (arXiv, 2022).
LEARNING USEFUL REPRESENTATIONS FOR SHIFTING TASKS AND DISTRIBUTIONS (arXiv, 2022) also made significant contributions to the field.
The paper "Sub-Task Imputation via Self-Labelling to Train Image Moderation Models on Sparse Noisy Data" (ACM CIKM, 2022) presented a novel approach to training image moderation models.
Researchers proposed a method for learning how to adapt to unseen tasks in the paper "Multi-Task Meta Learning: learn how to adapt to unseen tasks" (arXiv, 2022).
The MViT model, a mixture-of-experts vision transformer, was introduced in the paper "MViT: Mixture-of-Experts Vision Transformer for Efficient Multi-task Learning with Model-Accelerator Co-design" (NeurIPS, 2022).
Here are some key papers from 2022:
- RepMode: Learning to Re-parameterize Diverse Experts for Subcellular Structure Prediction (arXiv, 2022)
- LEARNING USEFUL REPRESENTATIONS FOR SHIFTING TASKS AND DISTRIBUTIONS (arXiv, 2022)
- Sub-Task Imputation via Self-Labelling to Train Image Moderation Models on Sparse Noisy Data (ACM CIKM, 2022)
- Multi-Task Meta Learning: learn how to adapt to unseen tasks (arXiv, 2022)
- MViT: Mixture-of-Experts Vision Transformer for Efficient Multi-task Learning with Model-Accelerator Co-design (NeurIPS, 2022)
The AutoMTL framework, a programming framework for automating efficient multi-task learning, was introduced in the paper "AutoMTL: A Programming Framework for Automating Efficient Multi-Task Learning" (NeurIPS, 2022).
The paper "Association Graph Learning for Multi-Task Classification with Category Shifts" (NeurIPS, 2022) presented a new approach to multi-task classification.
The Auto-λ method, which disentangles dynamic task relationships, was introduced in the paper "[Auto-λ] Auto-λ: Disentangling Dynamic Task Relationships" (TMLR, 2022).
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The Universal Representations framework, which provides a unified look at multiple task and domain learning, was introduced in the paper "[Universal Representations] Universal Representations: A Unified Look at Multiple Task and Domain Learning" (arXiv, 2022).
The MTFormer model, which performs multi-task learning via transformer and cross-task reasoning, was introduced in the paper "MTFormer: Multi-Task Learning via Transformer and Cross-Task Reasoning" (ECCV, 2022).
The Not All Models Are Equal paper, which predicts model transferability in a self-challenging Fisher space, was presented at ECCV 2022.
The Factorizing Knowledge in Neural Networks paper, which factorizes knowledge in neural networks, was also presented at ECCV 2022.
The Inverted Pyramid Multi-task Transformer, which performs dense scene understanding, was introduced in the paper "[InvPT] Inverted Pyramid Multi-task Transformer for Dense Scene Understanding" (ECCV, 2022).
The MultiMAE model, which performs multi-modal multi-task masked autoencoders, was introduced in the paper "[MultiMAE] MultiMAE: Multi-modal Multi-task Masked Autoencoders" (ECCV, 2022).
The A Multi-objective / Multi-task Learning Framework Induced by Pareto Stationarity paper, which presents a multi-objective / multi-task learning framework, was presented at ICML 2022.
The Mitigating Modality Collapse in Multimodal VAEs via Impartial Optimization paper, which mitigates modality collapse in multimodal VAEs, was also presented at ICML 2022.
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The Active Multi-Task Representation Learning paper, which presents an approach to active multi-task representation learning, was presented at ICML 2022.
The Generative Modeling for Multi-task Visual Learning paper, which presents a generative modeling approach for multi-task visual learning, was also presented at ICML 2022.
The Multi-Task Learning as a Bargaining Game paper, which presents a bargaining game approach to multi-task learning, was presented at ICML 2022.
The Multi-Task Learning with Multi-query Transformer for Dense Prediction paper, which presents a multi-task learning approach with a multi-query transformer, was presented at arXiv 2022.
The Gato model, which is a generalist agent,
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Frequently Asked Questions
What are pre-trained AI models called?
Pre-trained AI models are also known as foundation models or base models. They're the starting point for fine-tuning AI applications.
What are pretrained multitasking models called?
Pretrained multitasking models are called Foundation Models, which are trained on a broad set of tasks and can be adapted to various downstream tasks. These models are ideal for generative AI applications due to their broad applicability.
Sources
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